In ancient Greece, art and technology were not separated. Therefore, Aristotle used the word art to use the word Tekhne (TECHNIC), referring to the production of everything, and the music we know modernly, poetry, for art such as pictures and sculptures, Aristotle called them “arts of imitation” and called other techniques “practical art”. Therefore, the difference between “imitation” and “practical” is the art and technology of the future. Division. In Aristotle’s view, the essence of art is imitation, which is the place where poetry, painting and other techniques are different from other skills. This is Aristotle’s methodology – looking for the similarities and differences of things, classifying them, marking the nature of the object of study (that is, its characteristics, and the lack of other things), defining it, and then exploring.

    Imitation is a common feature of art such as poetry and painting. However, epic, painting, comedy, tragedy and so on have different artistic styles. They are based on the medium, object, and method of imitation. The medium of imitation such as: color, form, rhythm, tone, language, etc., the object of imitation refers to the person in action, composed of events, personality, and thought.

Before Aristotle, “art imitation of nature” was an ancient saying, painting and carving at that time.

Plastic is a realistic approach, but Aristotle believes that the main content of art is not to imitate nature. However, “people in action” – human encounters, behaviors, life – this is mainly from Greek sorrow. The influence of the play and Homer epic. He also mentioned that since the poet is an imitator, he must imitate things in the following three ways:

1. Imitate according to the way things are originally—-natural imitation

2. Imitation as things are said by people – social imitation

3. Imitate according to what the thing should be like—Imitation of ideals

The first imitation is faithful imitation, the second imitation refers to mythology and legend, the third imitation. It refers to the inherent laws of things, such as the law of law and the law of necessity. At this point, Aristotle I think that “poetry is more real than history.” Aristotle praised the third type of imitation. He also believed that art should be more beautiful than reality. He said: “The painter should paint people better than the original ones.” When painting people’s faces, “seek similarities and compare them to the original.” The people who come are more beautiful, so Aristotle believes that art is not only a faithful imitation, but also It will be idealized.

Aristotle is trying to defend the authenticity of art. He believes that the truth of art is different from nature. The truth of science, he has analyzed the mistakes of poetry:

There are two kinds of errors in poetry:

1. The error of art itself: lack of expressiveness, not writing things correctly, is an artistic mistake.

2. Occasional mistakes: accidental mistakes.

Because the essence of art is imitation, it is inseparable from imagination and creation. If the poet is for the purpose of poetry, for idealization, or for people to believe, it is desirable to twist or transform the real thing.

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How does Existenz, the film, fit into Plato’s hierarchical scheme of reality? How does the game, Trancendenz fit?

            In Existenz world where fantasy and reality are blurred, technology has developed far beyond the times. A designer who designed cutting-edge games, her virtual reality system “eXistenZ” can directly interfere with the player’s nervous system. At the demo conference, players from all walks of life gathered to experience the latest masterpieces of heroine. However, a group of enthusiasts attempted to assassinate heroine. In a critical moment, heroine was rescued by the guard (the male lead). In order to avoid the pursuit, both entered the alien world of “eXistenZ”, but everything is becoming more and more illusory.

            Plato’s hierarchical scheme of reality：

1. The purest nature and performance of things
2. The craftsmen who create a token that tries to resemble the essences/forms.
3. Imitator, or artist. An attempt to reflect the carpenter by depicting art.

I think “eXistenZ” is third on Plato’s hierarchical scheme of reality. “Aufgrund der Existenz von Leben ist spannend!” in German, it means that the existence of life is exciting. “eXistenZ” this word means exciting. In the movie, the director built a progressive and eccentric game world. The people watching the movie won’t experience the authenticity of the game, they will only experience what happens in ExistenZ. The film is an art form that makes it the third place in Plato’s realistic hierarchy. Plato does not believe that art forms can show the reality of things. Plato believes that art forms can only show things on the surface. The change of the plot is that the male and female protagonists are separated from the game world and find that the boundaries of real world are becoming more and more blurred. In the last game they pulled away is call Transcendenz. Transcendenz is also in the third on Plato’s hierarchical scheme of reality. Even though Transcendenz is the last game in the film and it seems to be the real world in the film, the audiences are still having soulful feeling about it. Transcendenz is still in a piece of art.

1. This film rebuilds a lot of air work like Leonardo’s Last Supper. This scene creates a certain psychological suggestion for the view. In the movie, the game developer is the god of the game world. Therefore, the last scene of the hero and heroine shot and killed the game developer, giving me the feeling of being a betrayal of Judah. Also, the film conveyed to the audience an anthropological idea of human eternal life -transbiomorphosis. Psychology Today estimates that with current computer technology increasing almost geometrically, within 30 years we will have computers as powerful as the human brain, and we can therefore upload upload our consciousness into computer brains.  We will actually live in computers, or with the development of lifelike robots, move around in a new non-organic platform.  We would be stretching the definition of what it means to be human, but we could potentially live forever.

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Along the narrow passage, the audience sits in the seat in turn, and in front of the audience is a white curtain. From the farther place in the far place, an unusually bright beam of light is projected onto the curtain. The audience’s eyes are like cave prisoners. Gazing at the front motionlessly, through the curtain, you can see extremely realistic motion pictures. It can be said that the modern cinema is a replica of Plato’s cave. However, unlike Plato’s cave prisoners who represent the faint ignorance of the mind, the modern audience in the cinema is a civilized person whose mind has been enlightened. They know that the image on the curtain is only an image, although there is a certain relationship between this image and the reality that is reproduced. The kinship or similarity, but it is separated from the reality around the curtain and outside the theater. but it is separated from the reality around the curtain and outside the theater. It is this enlightened state of the mind that makes the structure of the cinema fundamentally different from Plato’s cave metaphor: in Plato’s cave, the prisoner’s misunderstanding of the image is due to the faint ignorance of the mind, and in the cinema or In the auditorium, the audience’s misunderstanding of the screen image was voluntarily voluntary and clearly aware; in Plato’s cave, the first person who escaped from the cave became a prophet and enlightener because he saw the true light source of truth. In the mode of operation of the film, it is recognized that the director of the light source is the producer of the phantom. Instead of fleeing the cave, he places himself in the cave (the black box of the camera) and sees himself through the hole (lens). Provided to others, let others flock to the cave (cinema) to look at him like him. What he provides is not the form of truth, but a light column that stimulates desire and guides visual identity. In Plato’s cave, the prisoner’s state is to be liberated, and the prisoner needs to go out of the cave to get the clarity of the mind. For the movie, the audience just needs to enter the prisoner state and needs to be in captivity to complete the prison. The reality is the escape of every urban man’s prison. The audience walks into the theater. Not to accept enlightenment or moral teaching, not just for entertainment, but to “go into” the world of Ken, in order to “A person who “makes a character or image tone, and “Libido” bet that achieves desire in identification, if he does get some kind of life teaching or visual pleasure in watching, it is also shown as a side effect of identification.

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1. There is not enough evidence to prove God’s existence.
2. It is wrong if a person believes something without enough evidence.

C: therefore, you are wrong if you believe god exist

“In the first place, let us admit that, so far as it goes, this view of the case is right and necessary; right, because even when a man’s belief is so fixed that he cannot think otherwise, he still has a choice in regard to the action suggested by it, and so cannot escape the duty of investigating on the ground of the strength of his convictions; and necessary, because those who are not yet capable of controlling their feelings and thoughts must have a plain rule dealing with overt acts.” (pg. 3; paragraph 2)

Premises 1 and 2 are conclusion; therefore, I think this argument is valid. There are some proof that god may existent, but I do not think those are enough. If there are not enough proof, how can we believe he does exist. This is a reconstruct arguments from William K. Clifford The Ethics of Belief. By just look are the title, it is natural to associate with religious beliefs. The article begins with a relatively simple and investigative study. The author cites a ship owner facing a dilapidated ship, whether to repair it or secretly convince himself that there may be no luck. In our society, there are still many “shipowners”. Some people would not willing to spent time and money to investigate even thought they already know about problems. Those people would rather to believe in intuition or other people’s opinions. According to WK Clifford that “it is wrong always, everywhere, and for anyone, to believe anything upon insufficient evidence.” This mistake is more reflected in the moral level and is a kind of attachment in everyone’s cogitation. Faith is a higher level of confirmation and determination than belief. Also, Religion is the most powerful belief in my point of view. The author analyzes and dissects it through constant questions. At the same time, by comparing with other religions, find out the possible fallacies. Therefore, the author can get the conclusion he has confirmed from whether a person has honest quality and knowledge he believes, to believe in one’s judgment. Another side author’s point of view is the limitations of reasoning, like a person who constantly becomes a person who questions everything, will also go to the other extreme. We no longer believe in things beyond our experience, we dare not take risks again. Therefore, the author proposes a solution, we can increase our experience according to the assumption of the unity of nature. If a statement is beyond or beyond the unity of nature, we have no reason to believe its authenticity. Of course, as mentioned in the preface, a person has the right to believe in anything he wants to believe. You can also not believe it.

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• A valid argument with a false conclusion:
  1. My father is a man.
  2. This person is a man.
  3. This man is my father.
     
• A sound argument：
  1. All multiples of four are multiples of 2.
  2. 20 is multiples of 4.
  3. 20 is a multiples of 2.
• An inductive argument that is cogent:
  1. all mothers that observed are women.
  2. all mothers are women.
• A weak inductive argument:
  1. all the grass I had saw were green.
  2. all the grass are green.
• A persuasive argument:
  1. The Age of Empires 4 has millions of sales, or the Command & Conquer: Red Alert is a better game.
  2. The Age of Empires 1 has millions of sales.
  3. The Age of Empires 2 has millions of sales.
  4. The Age of Empires 3 has millions of sales.
  5. The Age of Empires 4 is a better game.
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