Man is nothing except what he thinks.

Sartre believes that if God does not exist, then at least there is always something that exists before its essence. First, there must be such a thing, and then what concept can be used to explain it. And this thing is human. That means, first, people come across themselves and emerge in the world – and then define themselves. So, humanity does not exist because there is no concept that God has given to this person. Man is a person, not only that he is what he thinks, but also what he is willing to be – it is him, he is willing to become after he exists.

“as anguish, abandonment and despair. As you will soon see, it is very simple. First, what do we mean by anguish? – The existentialist frankly states that man is in anguish. His meaning is as follows: When a man commits Self to anything, fully realizing that he is not only choosing what he will be, but is based at the same time a legislator Deciding for the whole of mankind – in such a moment a man cannot escape from the sense of complete and profound responsibility.”

Everyone understands his true colors and takes responsibility for his own existence. We know that people first exist. – Before people talk about everything else, they are first and foremost a thing that pushes themselves into the future and feel that they are doing this. Man is indeed a plan with subjective life, not a moss or a fungus, or a broccoli. Nothing exists until you surrender yourself to the future. There is no such thing in a rational paradise, and people only exist when they attempt to become.

Andre Gauz wrote a conversation with his wife in “To D”， “I have a principled, conceptual bias for marriage…….. I have also been saying， ‘What can prove that after ten years of imprisonment, we have undergone changes, and this kind of contract of life Still able to satisfy our desires? ‘“

If you are united with a person and intend to spend a lifetime, you will put the lives of two people together, and do not do things that are detrimental to your combination. Building your husband and wife relationship is your common plan. You will always need to constantly strengthen, change, and reorient your direction according to changes in the environment. What kind of people do you will become? Therefore, I believe that the modern marriage system is not very reasonable. Modern marriage systems give people restrictions on marriage, and these restrictions come from property and morality. I think this is unfair. When people decide to marry and have children, they will hope that this marriage will last a lifetime. Life is very long, and life changes a lot. No one guarantees that the two will always be so harmonious. When a couple considers a divorce, the marriage system brings to the marriage something other than feelings – wealth. So many people hesitate when they face emotions, and more people will be afraid of marriage. I feel that when the marriage system is not bringing so many impure things to marriage. Marriage is the emotion of two people. Pure and free!

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1. A few minutes of flashback, so that the viewer’s viewing experience is the same as Lenny’s life experience, trying to remember the plot a few minutes ago.
2. Although the whole film is flashback, the climax is indeed at the end of the film, and the end reveals the truth. The shock is deep and deep, reaching the heart. But this ending is just the beginning of the actual story, so the skill of the writer is very deep. However, there are also loopholes. For example, the color part of the film also confesses some plot backgrounds through the lines of the teddy bear, but we know that this is a flashback, so Lenny’s teddy bear knew that he had no need to talk to Lenny. So those words are actually written by the audience to the audience.
3. Who is Teddy? It should be the police officer who handled the Lenny case, using Lenny’s condition to kill himself. I didn’t expect the result to be killed by Lenny.
4. Why does Lenny write to not believe his lies, because Teddy tells him the truth, and in Teddy’s words, you don’t want the truth. You constitute your own truth. Lenny only wants to live in his own imagination, he does not accept the truth.
5. Why is Lenny deliberately going to find John G. to kill, there is a line to explain, I am not a killer, I just want to make things right. So you can be my John G., that is to say, in order to remedy his fault of killing his wife, he will continue to avenge his wife.
6. The film repeatedly mentions whether the loss of memory is psychological or physiological. Is Lenny’s disease psychological or physiological? I think it is psychological, the reason is the line, I think that Gammy has the ability to remember, I never said that he pretended, and Lenny deliberately kept looking for John G.. The reason for thinking is that Lenny could not intentionally kill his wife. Therefore, it may be physiological before the wife is killed by mistake. After the accidental killing of the wife, it becomes psychological.
7. The role of the black and white part is more to explain the background of the plot.
8. Why did Jimmy know Teddy, what happened between them?
9. Two flashes, one is Lenny’s shot of the remenber sammy Jakis flashing the needle, one is the camera that Sammy suddenly flashes as Lenny.

I believe Leonard is proposing an effective point of view when “memory can change the shape of a room,” because we can change our memory in any way we want, and sometimes we sometimes fake our own memories. I think Leonard’s way of writing them down to remember them can be very effective, but what if you forget to write important things? For example, in the movie, Memento Leonard did not write down, he and Teddy had tracked and killed John G, so he spent most of his time trying to find the one he had killed. I believe that our memories can be changed in any way, but I also believe that our memories are like notes, because notes can be misplaced or changed, and more reliable if we rely on notes to clear things and misplace them. Comment, then this will be a big piece of our memory Leonard said: “They [the police] collect facts, take notes, and draw conclusions. The truth is not memory: this is the way you investigate” but in some cases The facts collected by the police are based on memory.

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Accounting to David Hume in Of Personal Identity: “Had we no memory, we shou’d have any notion of causation, nor consequently of that chain of causes and effects which constitute our self or person.” (g. 328, paragraph 2)

            Hume’s ideas can be refactored into such an argument:

1. All human knowledge, including knowledge about the “self”, comes from experience;

2. The most basic unit of experience is “impression”;

3. All “impressions” are the impressions of the moment;

4. The “self” exists not only in the present, but also in time and in the same place;

5. We are unable to obtain an impression of “self” that “has the same time”;

Conclusion: We cannot determine the existence of the self.

            Hume divides human intellectual objects into two categories: one is about the relationship between ideas, and the other is about practical things. The former constitutes a reliable and reliable knowledge, but does not involve empirical content, and is a pure form proposition, such as a mathematical proposition. The latter is a reasoning about empirical facts, and he focuses on the latter. He believes that people can’t completely succumb to what the senses directly perceive. He also thinks and believes that things that are not perceived now, that is, beliefs about things that are not observed. We believe that there is a causal link between what we have observed and what we have not observed and that we believe it is so. With this relationship, we infer one thing from another. Our reasoning about facts is based on beliefs about this relationship. Causality is the only relationship that allows us to go beyond the immediate direct impression and infer the existence of any object or any event. The causal inference is our rationality. Important principle. I agree with this point of view. The causal relationship in Chinese Buddhist philosophy is that all things are changed by the inter-independence, and there is no beginning and no end. It means: Everything is developing and changing, and it has universal connection. We have consciousness in our hearts, but we cannot conclude whether there is an external object as its source, or whether it exists in the self. Even though we have some impressions and ideas, we don’t know where to come, and we don’t know why. There is no necessary causal connection between them; the perception of a bundle is fleeting, they are produced, and they are eliminated. The world is like a shot in a film. Independent, only some lenses have a certain consistency, one after the other more often appear on the screen than others. What we call a distracting impression is that the causal link is the repetition of this coherence. Truly speaking, the world is a messy impression. It is unpredictable and indescribable. We can’t grasp anything and can’t decide what it is. It can’t be worth a dream, let alone know its nature and laws.

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“If a man is infected by the author’s condition of soul, if he feels this emotion and this union with others, then the object which has effected this is art; but if there be no such infection, if there be not this union with the author and with others who are moved by the same work – then it is not art. And not only is infection a sure sign of art, but the degree of infectiousness is also the sole measure of excellence in art”. (Tolsoy #28)

          Tolstoy proposes that the core of art is emotion, and the appeal and value of art depends on the following three points: 1) how unique the sentiment is; 2) how clear the relationship is; 3) How sincere is the artist?

Tolstoy explained: In three points, the most important thing is sincerity. Because everyone is a different individual, as long as the artist is sincere enough, it will be unique. At the same time, sincere artists only convey the feelings they have experienced personally, so they will be very clear. The clear expression will be understood and felt by the audience.

About the content of the work, Tolstoy holds a progressive view. He said: In every established historical period, in every given human society, there is a meaning to life that only the talents of this society may have. The lofty understanding of it determines the lofty happiness that this society strives for. This understanding of the meaning of life is the consciousness of religion in this period and in this society. As this religious consciousness is constantly advancing and developing, the quality of the work of this work should be assessed according to the degree to which it is close and reflected.

From this he concludes that the artist should be the person who has the highest and deeper understanding of the meaning of life in his time.

Tolstoy further pointed out that the religious consciousness of contemporary (referring to the era of Tolstoy’s life) lies in the world’s greatness, and all people are united in spirit and material. And true art naturally has the characteristics of uniting people – because art can touch people and create empathy between people.

For the above reasons: Tolstoy opposes multi-value, opposes individualism, opposes the powerful class, opposes the feudal tsar, opposes capitalism (and possibly against state organizations) and so on. In reality, he advocated the agricultural economy in the form of farm cooperatives, proposing that the landlord and the peasant were equal (but he did not give up the land ownership), and he himself worked with the tenant. Levin in “Anna Karenina” did the same (final no results).

Not only that: Tolstoy also opposes the Renaissance and believes that the Renaissance makes art a tool for the enjoyment of the rich. Its spiritual content is mainly pride, sensuality and boredom. Therefore, only the wealthy and talented people who are idle are interesting, and the poor are not only rejected. Outside the door of this art, we must also serve the rich to enjoy this art. This kind of art that cannot unite all human beings, but treat them differently, is not art at all.

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The term philosophy (philosophy) stems from the Japanese scholars’ translation of Western philosophical concepts, which was later introduced to China to refer to the Chinese traditional governance (Confucianism, ink, name, law, etc.). The definition of philosophy has always been controversial, and this field has continued to expand with history and has changed according to the different times of different times. General identity philosophy is a method, not a set of propositions, propositions or theories. The study of philosophy is based on rational thinking, seeking to make a hypothetical observation and not to break away from belief or just a pure analogy. Different philosophers have different ideas about the nature of reasoning.

Eastern philosophy is the concept of dividing philosophy from regional characteristics. Western philosophy is a unified philosophical system with the same historical tradition and unified conceptual system. The concept of Eastern philosophy does not refer to a philosophical system, but to the collective name of China, India, Japanese philosophy and Islamic philosophy. Although there have been mutual exchanges and influences in history, they are all independent doctrine systems. To be precise, Eastern philosophy should be called the philosophy of the Eastern countries.

Oriental philosophy mainly includes: 1. Chinese philosophy, 2. Indian philosophy, 3. Islamic philosophy, 4. Japanese philosophy and other East Asian national philosophy.

Indian thought

 Indian philosophy, “Vedas”, “The Upanishads.” The three basic texts of “Epic” are the foundation of Indian philosophy. Hinduism, now Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism proclaimed his philosophical claims. Indian philosophy emphasizes seeking wisdom and pursuing happiness; emphasizing meditation also has practical qualities. He emphasized that knowledge should be used to improve social and public life, and people should live according to their own ideals. There is a major understanding of universal moral justice, that is, the individual is responsible for what kind of person he is and what kind of person he will be.

 Chinese thought

 Based on the Confucian Analects of Confucius and Taoist Tao Te Ching. Confucianism emphasizes benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, wisdom, and faith. Taoism emphasizes Taoism and nature. Human law, earth law, heaven, and law are natural. Chinese philosophy emphasizes harmony more. Correct thinking and good behavior can help people achieve harmony. Focus on the symmetry of identity, status, and role. Confucius, the key representative of Chinese philosophy, places special emphasis on education. Confucius believes that higher personal development consists of ‘’five consecutive conducts’, correct attitudes; correct steps; correct knowledge; correct moral lines; correct attachment.

  Japanese thought

Japanese philosophy succeeded in integrating Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism into the Zen. He emphasized adapting to life, enjoying life and establishing close relationships with nature. Zen emphasizes point, which suggests that people who constrain their own thoughts have reached freedom, and it highlights the epiphany. Zen methods include meditation, heart print, and meditation to open people’s hearts. He emphasized the importance of doing secondary school rather than receiving education. It focuses on the combination of literature, drama, painting, swordsmanship, judo and these artistic practices, focusing on the human mind and paying attention to the harmony between man and nature.

Middle Eastern thought

Middle Eastern thoughts are influenced by various philosophies and religions. But the most important influence is Islam. In the minds of the Middle East, Judaism, Christianity and Islam. Judaism is a religion that attaches great importance to learning. Many Jewish art businesses have deep knowledge in science. Christianity is primarily based on life and the teachings of Jesus Christ. It is important to point out that due to the development of printing, there are many printings in the New Testament and the Old Testament in Europe, and more people have the opportunity to read and the new annotations also increase, which inspired Martin Luther. The Protestant reform initiated first. He proposed ‘‘every believer is the slogan of the clergy ’’. Islam has also undergone reforms. There are two major reforms, one on Muslims accepting higher education and the other on modifying Islamic teachings so that they can be accepted by the contemporary world. As a result of the reform, the external conflict between the scientific forces and the religious forces has decreased, and secular education has achieved great development.

https://baike.baidu.com/item/%E4%B8%9C%E6%96%B9%E5%93%B2%E5%AD%A6

https://www.zhihu.com/question/19896934

http://www.neworiental.org/news/blog/201201/1171217.html

http://philosophy.cssn.cn/xkjs/dfzx/

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